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سندهاي
تازه، پيرامون دخالت آشكار اتحاد شوروي در
ايجاد فرقهي دموكرات در آذربايجان و
جمهوري مهاباد
با
وجودي كه هيچيك از پژوهشگران و تاريخنگاران،
ترديد در دخالت اتحاد شوروي در ايجاد فرقهي
دموكرات در آذربايجان و جمهوري مهاباد
نداشتند، انتشار سه سند از آرشيو جمهوري
آذربايجان در باكو، حقايق بيشتري را آشكار
ميكند. سند
شماره يك مربوط به اكتشافهاي خودسرانهي
نفتي اتحاد شوروي در مناطق شمالي ايران در
سالهاي اشغال كشور در دوران جنگ جهاني دوم
ميباشد. اين سند، ايران آيندهي به نظر
بينندگان و خوانندگان رسانيده خواهد شد. در
اين اسناد، از استان آذربايجان، با نام
تحريف شدهي «آذربايجان جنوبي» يا «جنوب
آذربايجان»، استفاده شده است. اسناد
زير،
مربوط به آرشيو
دولتي جمهوري آذربايجان در باكو دربارهي
احزاب سياسي و جنبشهاي اجتماعي State
Archive of Political Parties and Social Movements of the Republic of
Azerbaijan in Baku دربارهي
وقايع آذربايجان ميباشد كه
ترجمه آن به انگليسي در نشريه موسسهي
Woodrow Wilson Center
زير عنوان
Cold War International
History Project (CWIHP) در شماره 13/12 پاييز و زمستان 2001 (صفحه 309) به
چاپ رسيده است. مدارک بيشتري به دست آمده است
که هنوز توسط جمهوري آذربايجان انتشار
نيافته است. به نظر مي رسد دليل عدم انتشار
اين
اسناد، بيش از هر چيز سياسي باشد. اصل
سندها به زبان روسي است كه از سوي اين نشريه،
به انگليسي ترجمه شده است. برگردان زير از
متن انگليسي، به فارسي ميباشد. سند
شماره 2 فرمان
دفتر
سياسي کميته مرکزي اتحاد جماهير شوروي به
مير {جعفر} باقراف، دبير کميتهي
مرکزي حزب کمونيست آذربايجان درباره: «اقدامات
براي ايجاد جنبش تجزيه طلبي در آذربايجان
جنوبي و ديگر استان هاي شمالي ايران» 6
ژوئيه 1945 {16
امرداد 1324} بهکلي سري به
رفيق باقراوف اقدامات
براي ايجاد جنبش تجزيه طلبي در جنوب
آذربايجان و ديگر استان هاي شمالي ايران. 1ـ
مناسب است که کارهاي مقدماتي
براي ايجاد منطقهي خود مختار
ملي آذربايجان [oblast]
با اختيارات گسترده در داخل کشور ايران آغاز
گردد. همزمان جنبش تجزيه طلبي
جداگانه در استان هاي گيلان، مازندران،
گرگان و خراسان ايجاد گردد. 2ـ
در جنوب آذربايجان حزب سياسي
دموکرات بنام «فرقه
دموکرات آذربايجان» با هدف راهنمايي جنبش
تجزيه طلبي ايجاد گردد. ايجاد حزب دموکرات در
آذربايجان جنوبي،
همزمان
با باز سازي تشکيلات شاخهي حزب
توده ايران و ادغام آن و تمامي هواداران جنبش
تجزيه طلبي از هرگروه [در فرقه دموکرات]
انجام شود. 3ـ
در ميان کردهاي شمال ايران،
اقدامات مقتضي براي کشاندن آنان به جنبش
تجريه طلبي مجزا،
براي ايجاد منطقهي
خودمختار ملي کردستان انجام گيرد. 4ـ
در تبريز يک گروه از کارگران
مسئول، براي راهنمايي جنبش تجزيه
طلبي ايجاد گردد و اقدامات آنان،
با سرکنسول اتحاد جماهير شوروي در
تبريز، هم آهنگ بشود. نظارت
کلي اين گروه، به باقراوف
و يعقوباف سپرده
شود. 5ـ مسئوليت کارهاي مقدماتي
انتخابات آذربايجان جنوبي براي پانزدهمين
دورهي
قانونگزاري مجلس ايران به عهده کميته مرکزي
حزب کمونيست آذربايجان (باقراف و ابراهيماف) گذارده شود تا اطمينان به
دست آيد که انتخابشوندگان
از
هواداران جنبش تجزيهي طلبي ... 6ـ
دستجات رزمجوي هواداران شوروي و فعالان جنبش
تجريهي طلبي تشکيلات فرقه دموکرات
که مسلح به سلاح هاي ساخت خارج
باشند، با هدف دفاع از خود، ايجاد گردد. مسئوليت
اين مهم به عهده رفيق [نيکلاي] بولگانين،
همراه با رفيق باقراوف گذارده
شود. 7ـ
انجمن روابط فرهنگي ايران و SSR {جمهوري سوسياليستي شوروي} آذربايجان براي تقويت کارهاي
فرهنگي و تبليغاتي در آذربايجان جنوبي،
ايجاد گردد. 8ـ
براي جلب توده ها به جنبش
تجريه طلبي، لازم مي دانيم که «انجمن
دوستاران آذربايجان شوروي»
در تبريز همراه با شعبات در تمامي نواحي
آذربايجان جنوبي و گيلان تشکيل شود. 9ـ
كميتهي مرکزي حزب کمونيست آذربايجان، مامور است که مجلهي مصوري در باکو براي پخش در ايران
و 3 روزنامه در آذربايجان جنوبي ايجاد کند. 10ـ
چاپخانه
دولتي (Yudin)
سه ماشين چاپ را در اختيار کميتهي مرکزي حزب
کمونيست آذربايجان قرار دهد
تا براي ايجاد امکان
چاپ (tipografskaya
baza)
براي فرقه دموکرات آذربايجان جنوبي، بکار
گرفته شود. 11ـ
مسئوليت تهيهي کاغذ خوب براي چاپ مجلهي مصور در باکو و همچنين سه روزنامه در آذربايجان
جنوبي، به عهدهي Narkomvneshtorg
]کميسر
خلق براي تجارت خارجي[
(رفيق ]آناستاس[
ميکويان) گذارده شود. جمع تيراژ کم تر از 30000
نسخه نباشد. 12ـ
به NKD
کميتهي
دفاع دولتي آذربايجان، اجازه داده شود که تحت نظارت
رفيق باقراف اجازه رفت به ايران و بازگشت به
افرادي
که براي ماموريت در اجراي اين موارد به ايران
سفر مي کنند، صادر گردد. 13ـ
براي تامين مخارج جنبش تجزيه
طلبي در آذربايجان جنوبي و انتخابات
پانزدهمين دورهي
قانون گذاري مجلس، کميتهي
مرکزي حزب کمونيست آذربايجان، از
صندوق ويژهي ارز خارجي،
برابر با يک ميليون روبل («براي
تبديل به تومان») در نظر گرفته شود. ششم
ژوئيه 1945، دفتر سياسي کميته مرکزي ماخذ:
GAPPOD Azr, f.1, op. 89,
d.90,ll. سند شماره 3 دستورالعمل
مخفي شوروي در مورد انجام ماموريت ويژه در
سراسر آذربايجان جنوبي و استان هاي شمالي
ايران 14 ژوئيه 1945
{24 امرداد 1324} به
کلي سري Iـ درباره ايجاد فرقه دموکرات آذربايجان 1ـ
فوري ترتيب مسافرت پيشهوري
{رييس بعدي فرقهي دموكرات} و کامبخش {از رهبران حزب توده} را به باکو،
براي انجام مذاکره بدهيد. بسته به نتيجهي
مذاکره، انتقال پادكان
{صادق
پادگان} رياست کميتهي ناحيه اي حزب توده آذربايجان را در نظر داشته باشيد. 2ـ
براي ايجاد کميته هاي
تشکيلاتي در مرکز (تبريز) و مناطق ديگر (na
mestakh)
نامزدهاي مناسب از ميان دموکرات هاي موجه از
ميان روشنفکران، بازرگانان طبقهي
متوسط، خرده مالکان و روحانيون، از ميان
احزاب مختلف دموکرات و همچنين از ميان غير اعضا، انتخاب و
آنان را در کميته هاي تشکيلاتي فرقهي
دموکرات آذربايجان، وارد کنند. بالاترين
اولويت، در مورد کميته تشکيلاتي
تبريز است که وسيلهي نشريات دموکرات موجود مانند
خاور نو، آژير و جودت
و بقيه، تقاضاي ايجاد فرقه دموکرات
آذربايجان را خواهند نمود. 3ـ
با چاپ تقاضا، گروه موسس در
ديگر مناطق، در نشريات، خواستار حمايت از ايجاد
کميته هاي فرقه دموکرات از ميان فعالان
تشکيلات
حزب توده و ديگر تشکيلات دموکرات
خواهند گرديد. اجازه
ندهيد که اين امر، تنها محدود به تغيير نام حزب
توده به حزب دموکرات آذربايجان گردد. به
کميته منطقه اي حزب توده تبريز و تشکيلات
ناحيه اي آن توصيه کنيد که تقاضاي فرقهي
دموکرات آذربايجان را مورد بررسي قرار داده
و تصميم به انحلال تشکيلات حزب توده نموده و
اعضا را وارد فرقهي دموکرات آذربايجان
بنمايند. 3-
پس از ايجاد کميتهي تشکيلاتي فرقهي دموکرات آذربايجان در تبريز،
بالاترين اولويت، ايجاد کميته هاي تشکيلاتي
فرقه دموکرات آذربايجان در شهرهاي زير است:
اردبيل، رضائيه، خوي، ميانه، زنجان، مراغه،
مرند، ماکو، قزوين، رشت، پهلوي، ساري، شاخ Shakh
بندر شاه،
گرگان و مشهد. 4-
يک ارگان مطبوعاتي در کميتهي
تشکيلاتي فرقهي دموکرات آذربايجان در تبريز
بنام «صداي (نداي ؟) آذربايجان» ايجاد شود. 5-
ترتيب تهيهي
برنامه ها و منشور براي کميته تشکيلاتي
تبريز تهيه شود. IIـ
اقدام
لازم براي اطمينان از انتخاب نمايندگان براي
دوره پانزدهم قانون گذاري 1ـ
آغاز مذاکره با نمايندگان
مجلس که از آنان در زمان انتخابات براي اين
دوره قانون گذاري حمايت مي کنند، با هدف نامزدکردن اين نمايندگان
براي دوره پانزدهم قانون گذاري با اين شرط که
آنان در راه عملي کردن شعارهاي فرقه دموکرات
آذربايجان مبارزه نمايند. 2ـ
کارهاي لازم براي انتخاب
نامزد هاي نمايندگي مجلس از ميان افراد
دموکرات که آمادهي
مبارزه در راه عملي کردن شعارهاي فرقه
دموکرات باشند، آغاز گردد. 3ـ
مقايسهي سياههي
نامزدهاي نمايندگي که سفارت توصيه کرده است،
با در نظر گرفتن دستورالعمل هاي جديد. 4ـ
اقدامات در جهت شناندن
نامزدهاي دست چين شده براي مجلس،
در مطبوعات آغاز و ترتيب تماس و ملاقات با
موکلان داده شود. 5ـ
از اجتماعات، دمونستراسيونها، اعتصابات و انحلال انجمن هاي
انتخاباتي که مناسب ما نيست با هدف تضمين
منافع ما در انتخابات، حمايت گردد. 6ـ
در فرايند آمادگي براي
انتخابات، در حوزه هاي شمالي ايران، مصالحه [انجام
گيرد]
و افرادي که بهوسيلهي نيروهاي ارتجاعي نامزد شده اند و عليه
کانديداهاي جنبش دموکرات فعال هستند، اخراج
گردند. 7ـ
خواستار تعويض رهبران سازمان
هاي ناحيه اي با افکار ارتجاعي
که مناسب نيستند، شويد. IIIـ
تاسيس
«انجمن دوستداران آذربايجان شوروي». 1ـ
براي تاسيس «انجمن دوستداران آذربايجان
شوروي» از افرادي که در جشن هاي بيست
و پنجمين سال آذربايجان شوروي شرکت کرده
بودند، استفاده شود. 2ـ
افرادي که در کنسولگري هاي ما
کار مي کنند، نظامي ها و [فعالان] حزبي، در
ايجاد انجمن بکار گرفته شوند. 3ـ
گروه تشکيلاتي
«انجمن
دوستاران آذربايجان شوروي»
در تبريز، منشور انجمن را تهيه نمايند. 4ـ
براي جلب گستردهي مردم به «انجمن
دوستداران آذربايجان شوروي»
از مطبوعات به طور سازمانيافته
براي تشريح دست آوردهاي اقتصادي، فرهنگي و
هنري آذربايجان شوروي و دوستي تاريخي مردم
آذربايجان جنوبي با مردم آذربايجان شوروي،
استفاده شود. IVـ
تشکيلات
جنبش تجزيه طلبي 1-
تشکيلات براي جنبش تجزيه طلبي براي:
منطقهي
خود مختار آذربايجان و منطقهي
خودمختار کردستان با اختيارات گسترده،
ايجاد گردد. در
استان هاي گرگان، گيلان، مازنداران و
خراسان، تشکيلات جنبش تجزيه طلبي بر مبناي
مسايل منطقه اي، بنا شود به ويژه در استان
گيلان: تشکيلات
خدمات اجتماعي و کارهاي عمومي در شهرهاي رشت
و پهلوي و تخصيص حداقل 50% از ماليات
جمع آوري شده در استان، به
اين منظور. در
استان گرگان: آموزش
زبان محلي ترکمن در مدارس. جايگزيني
ژاندرمري و شهرباني محلي با افراد ترکمن و
تخصيص حداقل 50% ماليات جمع آوري شده دراستان
به تشکيلات خدمات اجتماعي و کارهاي عمومي و
بهداشت در گنبد کاووس، گرگان و بندر شاه. در
استان هاي مازندران و خراسان: .
. . 1-
تخصيص حداقل 50% ماليات جمع آوري شده در
استان براي خدمات عمومي در شهرهاي ساري، {بندر} شاه، مشهد و قوچان نو {؟} افزون
برآن مطالب، ايجاد جنبش تجزيه طلبي جداگانه
در اين استان ها مطرح گردد... V
– تشکيلات انجمن ها 1ـ
پس از ايجاد کميته هاي تشکيلاتي
فرقه دموکرات و همزمان با عمليات انتخاب
نمايندگان دوره پانزدهم مجلس، با استفاده از
هيجانات انتخابات، عمليات براي تشکيل انجمن
ها آغاز گردد. VI
– تشکيلات مطبوعاتي 1-
براي عمليات آشوب گرانه مطبوعاتي، يک
چاپخانه براي انتشار مجله هاي جديد، افزون برآن که وجود دارند،
در شهرهاي رشت، رضائيه و مهاباد تاسيس گردد.
2-
امضا: ناخوانا 3-
ماخذ: GAPPOD
AzR), f.1, op.89,d.90,ll.9-15) COLD
WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN,
ISSUE 12/13 309 New
Evidence on the Iran Crisis 1945-46 From
the Baku Archives [The
following documents were provided to CWIHP by Dr. Jamil Hasanli (Baku
State University). Hasanli,who has conducted extensive research on Soviet
policies with regard to Iranian Azerbaijan in the early Cold War, obtained
these documents from the State Archive of Political Parties and Social
Movements of the Republic of Azerbaijan in Baku. Only a sample of a much
larger collection to be published in future issues of the CWIHP
Bulletin and CWIHP Working Papers, these documents allow unprecedented
insight into Stalin’s systematic efforts to sponsor a separatist movement in
Northern Iran. Some of the documents have also been consulted by Dr.
Fernande Scheid (Yale University), who presented her findings for the
first time at the September 1999 CWIHP Conference on “Stalin and the Cold
War” at Yale University and who is the author of a forthcoming CWIHP Working
Paper. Previous CWIHP publications on the subject, based on Russian archival
materials, include Natalia Egorova, The ‘Iran Crisis’ of 1945-1946: A
View from the Russian Archives (CWIHP Working Paper No. 15, Washington
D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center, 1997). Hasanli
contributed the documents in the framework of a new initiative on “The
Caucasus in the Cold War,” co-sponsored by the National Security Archive and
CWIHP. The initiative aims at unearthing new evidence from archives in the
Southern Caucasus on important Cold War issues, such as Stalin’s plans for
territorial expansion in 1945-46 with regard to Turkey and Iran; … DOCUMENT
No. 1 Decree
of the [USSR] State Defense Committee No. 9168 SS, Regarding Geological
Prospecting Work for Oil in Northern Iran, 21 June 1945 COPY TOP
SECRET The
State Defense Committee Decree of the GOKO [State Defense Committee] No.
9168SS of 21 June 1945 Moscow,
the Kremlin Geological
Prospecting Work for Oil in Northern Iran With the objective of geological
prospecting and drilling work for oil in northern Iran, the State Defense
Committee DECREES: 1.
Organize within the “Azneft’” [Azerbaijani Oil] Association of the
Narkomneft’ [the People’s commissariat for Oil] a Hydrogeological
Directorate and entrust to this organization the supervision of geological
prospecting for oil deposits in northern Iran. 2.
To conduct this prospecting work in northern Iran hold Narkomneft’ (Cde.
Baybakov) and Azneft’ (Cde. Vezirov)
responsible for supplying the necessary quantity of workers from the oil
industry for drilling and prospecting teams and sending them to the place of
work in the form of a hydrogeological detachment
created in the staff of the Soviet troops in Iran (Qazvin). 3.
Establish a mission for the hydrogeological detachment to conduct the
following work in northern Iran: a)
Drilling 10
pumps in 7 areas, including 3 stationary pumps (deep rotary drilling) in the
areas of Shakhi, Bandar-hah, and
Mianeh; 4 stationary pumps (deep structural search drilling) in the areas of
Shah, Bolgar-Chay, and Khoy; 3 mobile drilling units for structural search
drilling in the areas of Bandar-Shah, Shaha-Babol’ser, and Pahlavi; b)
Geological Survey – one expedition comprising 10 teams in the areas of: the
Gorgan Steppe, Ashraf-Shaha- Amol’, Khorramabad, Bolgar-Chai,
Jul’fa-Zanjan, Tabriz- Ardebil’, and Ku-I-Gitcha-Siyakh-Ku; c)
Geological Prospecting – one expedition of 3 teams (gravimetric “Issing”,
variometric and resistivity prospecting) in the areas: Gorgan Steppe,
Mazanderan and Rasht lowlands, and along entire southern shore of the Caspian
Sea from the border with the Turkmen SSR to the border with the Azerbaijan SSR.
Hold
the Narkomneft’ (Cde. Baybakov) and Azneft’ (Cde. Vezirov) responsible for
transferring the equired drilling
and prospecting equipment by 1 September 1945 to conduct the work to the
required degree and [for] beginning drilling and prospecting work in September
of 1945. 4.
Hold the Narkomneft’ (Cde. Baybakov) responsible for organizing and
dispatching by 1 August 1945: a geological survey expedition of 10 teams; a
well-logging and electrometer team; a geophysical expedition of 3 teams
(gravimetric “Issing”, variometric ((2 instruments)) and resistivity
prospecting) by removing
these teams from the following regions: the gravimetric “Issing”
[team] from Baku; the variometric [team] (2 instruments) from the Middle Volga
Branch of the Narkomneft’ Geophysical Trust; the resistivity [team] from the
area of Krasnodar. 5.
With the objective of equipping the hydrogeological detachment with the
necessary equipment,
instruments, and material hold [the following] responsible: a)
the Narkomneft’ (Cde. Baybakov) is to allocate and ship to the
Hydrogeological Directorate in August 1945: 5 sets of pumps, drilling
equipment, and a rotary drilling instrument; 4 sets of ZV-750 frames, rilling
equipment, and the instrument for them; 3 sets of rods (1200 meters) and an
instrument for KA-300 pumps, and other necessary equipment and materials for
the work of the hydrogeological detachment; b)
the Narkomvneshtorg [People’s Commissariat for Foreign Trade] (Cde. Mikoyan)
is to allocate to the hydrogeological
detachment in June-July 1945 15 trucktractors and 120 trucks from imports from
the unassembled ones in Iran; c)
the Commanding General of the Transcaucasus Front, Cde. Tyulenev, is to
allocate to the ydrogeological detachment the necessary office space and
living quarters in Qazvin and at work locations, and also render aid with
personnel from military units in assembling the 120 vehicles allocated to the
hydrogeological detachment; d)
the USSR NKO [People’s Commissariat of Defense] (Cde. Vorob’yev [Marshal
of Engineer Troops, M.P., Chief of Engineer Troops of the Soviet Army]) is, by
1 August 1945, to transfer to the disposition of the hydrogeological
detachment in Iran two complete AVB-2-100 mobile drilling units in working
order: a drilling machine AVB-2-100, a ZIS- 5 water tanker, a 1.5 ton vehicle
with an instrument and one UA-125 frame with three drilling teams; e)
the USSR NKO ( [General of the Army, Chief of the Rear of the Soviet Army] Cde.
Khrulev) is to send to the hydrogeological detachment in working order 5 MAK
12- ton vehicles, 7 logging truck trailers, and 15 Willys vehicles, and also
provide for the repair of drilling equipment and automotive transport in
repair shops of the Soviet transport directorate in Iran. 6.
Hold the Commanding General of the Transcaucasus Front, Cde. Tyulenev,
responsible for rendering aid to the hydrogeological detachment in drilling
and geological prospecting work [by] providing a guard orce, and escort for
the expeditions, providing cartographic materials, and also providing
personnel of the Hydrogeological detachment with clothing and appropriate
documents. 7.
Hold the Narkomfin [People’s Commissariat of Finance] (Cde. Zverev)
responsible in the 3rd and 4th
quarters of 1945 with allocating to the Narkomneft’ 8 million rubles,
including 2,400,000 in rials for the Hydrogeological Directorate of the Azneft’
Association to obtain transport equipment and materials and for the
maintenance of personnel. 8.
Permit the NKVD of the Azerbaijan SSR to issue permission for entry into Iran
of personnel sent by the Narkomneft’
and the Azneft’ Association for the business of the Hydrogeological
Directorate. 9.
Confirm as Chief of the Hydrogeological Directorate Cde. Melik-Pashayev, V.
S.; Chief of the Hydrogeological Directorate in the staff of the Soviet troops
in Iran; Cde. Geydarov, N. G.; and as Deputy Chief of the Hydrogeological
Directorate Cde. Kornev, A. N. 10.
Hold Narkomneft’ (Cde. Baybakov) and the Azneft Association (Cde. Vezirov)
responsible for personally exercising control over the supply of the
hydrogeological detachment with personnel, engineering and technical workers,
and provisioning with equipment and materials to carry out drilling and
geological prospecting work in northern Iran. 11.
Hold the Secretary of the CP(b) CC of Azerbaijan, Cde. Bagirov, responsible
for rendering the Hydrogeological
Directorate of the Azneft’ Association all possible aid and observing the
geological prospecting work for oil in northern Iran. Chairman
of the State Defense Committee I.
Stalin Attested:
[not signed] [Source:
State Archive of Political Parties and Social Movements of the Republic of
Azerbaijan, Baku (GAPPOD AzR), f.1, op. 89. d.104. Obtained by Jamil Hasanli.
Translated for CWIHP by Gary Goldberg.] DOCUMENT
No. 2 Decree
of the Politburo of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union (CPSU) to Mir Bagirov, CC Secretary of the Communist Party
of Azerbaijan, on “Measures to Organize a Separatist Movement in Southern
Azerbaijan and Other Provinces of Northern Iran,” 6
July 19451 TOP
SECRET To
Cde. Bagirov Measures
to Organize a Separatist Movement in Southern Azerbaijan and Other Provinces
in Northern Iran 1.
Consider it advisable to begin preparatory work to form a national autonomous
Azerbaijan district [oblast’] with broad powers within the Iranian
state. At the same time develop a separatist movement in the provinces
of Gilyan, Mazandaran, Gorgan, and Khorasan. 2.
Establish a democratic party in Southern Azerbaijan under the name
“Azerbaijan Democratic Party” with the objective of guiding the separatist
movement. The creation of the Democratic Party in Southern Azerbaijan is to be
done by a corresponding reorganization of the Azerbaijani branch of the
People’s Party of Iran and drawing into it supporters of the separatist
movement from all strata of the population. 3.
Conduct suitable work among the Kurds of northern Iran to draw them into the
separatist movement to form a national autonomous Kurdish district. 4.
Establish in Tabriz a group of responsible workers to guide the separatist
movement, charging them with coordinating
[kontaktirovat’] their work with the USSR General Consulate in Tabriz.
Overall supervision of this group is entrusted to Bagirov and Yakubov. 5.
Entrust the Azerbaijan CP(b) CC (Bagirov and Ibragimov) with developing
preparatory work to hold elections
in Southern Azerbaijan to the 15th Convocation of the Iranian Majlis, ensuring
the election of deputies who are supporters of the separatist movement on the
basis of the
following slogans: a)
Allotment of land to the peasants from state and large landowning holdings and
awarding long-term monetary
credit to the peasants; b)
Elimination of unemployment by the restoration and expansion of work at
enterprises and also by developing road construction and other public works; c)
Improvement of the organization of public amenities of cities and the public
water supply; d)
Improvement in public health; e)
Use of no less than 50% of state taxes for local needs; f)
Equal rights for national minorities and tribes: opening schools and
publication of newspapers and books in
the Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Armenian, and Assyrian languages; court proceedings
and official communications in local institutions in their native language;
creating a provincial administration, including the gendarmerie and police,
from local national elements; formation of regional, district,
and city enjumens [and] local self-governing bodies. g)
Radical improvement in Soviet-Iranian relations. 6.
Combat groups armed with weapons of foreign manufacture are to be created with
the objective of selfdefense for pro-Soviet people [and] activists of the
separatist movement of democratic and Party organizations. Entrust Cde. [Nicolai]
Bulganin together with Cde. Bagirov with carrying out this point. 7.
Organize a Society for Cultural Relations Between Iran and the Azerbaijani SSR
to strengthen cultural and propaganda work in Southern Azerbaijan. 8.
To draw the broad masses into the separatist movement, [we] consider it
necessary to create a “Society of
Friends of Soviet Azerbaijan” in Tabriz with branches in all regions of
Southern Azerbaijan and Gilyan. 9.
Entrust the CC CP(b) of Azerbaijan with organizing publication of an
illustrated magazine in Baku for distribution in Iran and also three new
newspapers in Southern Azerbaijan. 10.
Commit the OGIZ [State Publishing House](Yudin) to allocating three flat-bed
printing presses for the use of the CC CP(b) of Azerbaijan to create printing
resources [tipografskaya baza] for the Democratic Party of Southern
Azerbaijan. 11.
Commit the Narkomvneshtorg [People’s Commissariat for Foreign Trade] (Cde. [Anastas]
Mikoyan) with providing good paper for the publication of the illustrated
magazine in Baku and also the three new daily newspapers in Southern
Azerbaijan; the total press run is to be no less than 30,000 copies. 12.
Permit the NKVD of the Azerbaijan SSR, under the observation of Cde. Bagirov,
to issue permission for departure to Iran and return from Iran of persons
being sent on business connected with putting these measures into effect. 13.
To finance the separatist movement in Southern Azerbaijan and also to hold
elections to the 15th Convocation of the Iranian Majlis; to create in the CC
CP(y) of Azerbaijan a special fund of one million foreign-currency rubles
(“for conversion into tumans”). 6
July 1945 CC
VKP(b) Politburo [Source:
GAPPOD AzR, f. 1, op. 89, d. 90, ll. 4-5. Obtained by Jamil Hasanli.
Translated for CWIHP by Gary Goldberg.] DOCUMENT
No. 3 Secret
Soviet Instructions on Measures to Carry out Special Assignments
throughout Southern Azerbaijan and the Northern Provinces of Iran, 14
July 1945 Strictly
Secret Measures
to carry out special assignments throughout Southern Azerbaijan and the
northern provinces of Iran I.
The Question of Creating the Azerbaijani Democratic Party
1.
Immediately organize [the] transport of Pishevari and Kombakhsh to Baku for
talks. Depending on the results
of the talks keep in mind [the] transport to Baku of Padekan [sic!
“Padegan” in other documents], the Chairman of the District Committee of
the People’s Party of Azerbaijan.
2.
To create organizing committees in the center (Tabriz) and elsewhere [na
mestakh], within a month select candidates from authoritative democratic
elements from the intelligentsia, middle-class merchants, small and average
landowners, and the clergy in various democratic parties, and also from
non-party members and bring them into the organizing committees of the
Azerbaijan Democratic Party. The
first priority is to create an organizing committee in Tabriz which, via the
existing democratic press Khavar Nou, Azhir, Dzhodat and others, will
publish an appeal to organize an Azerbaijani Democratic Party and print
leaflets. 3.
With the appearance of the appeal, initiative groups elsewhere will speak out
in the press in its support and create Azerbaijani Democratic Party committees
from the most active organizations of the People’s Party and other
democratic organizations and elements. Do not permit a mechanical renaming of
organizations of the People’s Party to committees of the Azerbaijani
Democratic Party. Recommend that the Tabriz district committee and its local
organizations of the People’s Party discuss the appeal of the Azerbaijani
Democratic Party, decide to disband the organizations of the People’s Party
and enter its members in the Azerbaijani Democratic Party. 4.
After establishing the organizing committee of the Azerbaijani Democratic
Party in Tabriz the first priority is to create local committees of the
Azerbaijani Democratic Party in the following cities: Ardebil’, Rezaye, Khoy,
Mianeh, Zanjan, Maraghe, Marand, Mahabad, Maku, Qazvin, Rasht, Pahlavi, Sari,
Shakh, Gorgan, and Mashhad. Send representatives of the central organizing
committee to organize the committees in these cities. Systematically place
positive responses and calls to join the Azerbaijani Democratic Party in the
democratic press. 5.
Create a press agency in the organizing committee of the Azerbaijan Democratic
Party in Tabriz under the name “Voice of Azerbaijan”. 6.
Organize the drafting of programs and a charter for the Tabriz organizing
committee. II.
Ensuring the Election of Deputies to the 15th
Convocation of the Majlis 1.
Begin talks with deputies of the Majlis who are supporting them during the
elections to the Majlis for this convocation with the object of nominating
these deputies to the 15th Convocation under the condition that they fight for
the implementation of the slogans of the Azerbaijani Democratic Party. 2.
Begin work to nominate candidates for deputy to the Majlis from democratic
elements who would fight for the implementation of the slogans of the
Azerbaijani Democratic Party. 3.
Review the list of deputies recommended by the Embassy in light of [these] new
tasks. 4.
Organize a broad popularization of the selected candidates for election to the
Majlis in the press and their contacts
[and] meetings with voters. 5.
Support meetings, demonstrations, strikes, and the disbanding [razgon]
of electoral commissions unsuitable for us with the objective of ensuring our
interests in the elections. 6.
In the process of preparing for the elections, compromise and expel from the
electoral districts of northern
Iran candidates nominated by reactionary circles [who are] actively operating
against the candidates of the democratic movement. 7.
Demand the replacement of unsuitable reactionaryminded leaders of local bodies
[vlasti]. III. Creation of the “Society of Friends of Soviet
Azerbaijan”
1.
In the matter of organizing the “Society of Friends of Soviet Azerbaijan”,
use the delegates participating in the jubilee celebration of the 25th
anniversary of the Azerbaijan SSR. 2.
Recruit the workers of our consulates, military commandants, and their active
[Party] members into the organization
of the Society. 3.
The organizing group of the “Society of Friends of Soviet Azerbaijan” in
Tabriz is to draw up the charter of the Society. 4.
To widely attract the population to the “Society of Friends of Soviet
Azerbaijan”, use the press to systematically illustrate the achievements of
the economy, culture, and art of Soviet Azerbaijan and the historical
friendship of the peoples of Southern Azerbaijan and the peoples of Soviet
Azerbaijan. IV. The Organization of the Separatist Movement
1.
Organize work to develop a separatist movement to create: an Azerbaijani
Autonomous District [and] a Kurdish Autonomous District with broad powers. In
Gorgan, Gilyan, Mazandaran, and Khorasan provinces
organize the separatist movement along local [korennyye] questions, in
particular: in Gilyan Province: The
organization of public services and amenities in the cities of Rasht [and]
Pahlavi, leaving no less than 50% of the tax proceeds collected from the
province for this purpose; in Gorgan Province: Study
in the native Turkmen language in the schools; replacement of the local
organization, gendarmerie, and police with Turkomans, leaving no less than 50%
of the tax proceeds collected from the province for public services,
amenities, and health in Gonbad-e-Kavus, Gorgan, and Bandar Shah. in
Mazandaran and Khorasan Provinces: 1.
Return of land to small and average landowners taken by Reza Shah (amlyak
lands). 2.
Leaving no less than 50% of tax proceeds collected from the province for
public services and amenities of the cities of Sari, Shah, Mashhad, and New
Quchan. Additionally, bring to light locally such questions so as to organize
a separatist movement in the above provinces. Raise the demand to conduct land
reform not only in Southern Azerbaijan but in [regions] regions of the
northern provinces of Iran. V. Organization of Enjumens
1.
After creating the organizing committees of the Azerbaijan Democratic Party at
the same time as work is conducted
to elect deputies to the 15th Convocation of the Majlis, develop a campaign to
organize njumens, using the electoral enthusiasm of the population for this
purpose. VI. Organization of Press Organs
1.
To organize all the agitation work via the press, establish a publishing house
for new magazines in the cities
of Rasht, Rezaye, and Mahabad in addition to the existing newspapers. [illegible
signatures] 14.7.45
[Source:
GAPPOD AzR), f. 1, op. 89, d. 90, ll. 9-15. Obtained by Jamil Hasanli.
Translated for CWIHP by Gary Goldberg.] See
also the top secret 11 June 1945 draft decree of the
CC CPSU for “Measures to Organize a Separatist Movement in Southern
Azerbaijan and Other Provinces of Northern Iran.” Handwritten across the
upper left-hand corner: “One copy for Yemel’yanov.” Distribution: 1-2
Cde. Molotov; 3-4 Cde. Bagirov;5- Cde. Kavtaradze. |
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